Facebook shared some details Friday night about how frequently it receives government requests for information.
Between June and December 2012, US government entities filed 9,000 to 10,000 requests for Facebook-user data, the company said in a statement posted on its press website. In those requests, the government sought information on a total of between 18,000 and 19,000 user accounts. Facebook has more than 1.1 billion monthly active users, according to the statement.
The move to share this information comes in response to reports in the Guardian and Washington Post that Facebook, along with eight other major tech companies, has been providing the National Security Agency access to data on its servers through a program called "PRISM." (Disclosure: AOL, which owns The Huffington Post, is among those accused of participating in PRISM.)
The company wrote in its statement:
We?ve reiterated in recent days that we scrutinize every government data request that we receive ? whether from state, local, federal, or foreign governments. We?ve also made clear that we aggressively protect our users? data when confronted with such requests: we frequently reject such requests outright, or require the government to substantially scale down its requests, or simply give the government much less data than it has requested. And we respond only as required by law.
But particularly in light of continued confusion and inaccurate reporting related to this issue, we?ve advocated for the ability to say even more.
Since this story was first reported, we?ve been in discussions with U.S. national security authorities urging them to allow more transparency and flexibility around national security-related orders we are required to comply with. We?re pleased that as a result of our discussions, we can now include in a transparency report all U.S. national security-related requests (including FISA as well as National Security Letters) ? which until now no company has been permitted to do. As of today, the government will only authorize us to communicate about these numbers in aggregate, and as a range. This is progress, but we?re continuing to push for even more transparency, so that our users around the world can understand how infrequently we are asked to provide user data on national security grounds.
CEO Mark Zuckerberg posted a message from his personal Facebook account denying that the social network is part of a secret NSA data-sharing program.
"Facebook is not and has never been part of any program to give the US or any other government direct access to our servers," Zuckerberg wrote. "We have never received a blanket request or court order from any government agency asking for information or metadata in bulk, like the one Verizon reportedly received. And if we did, we would fight it aggressively. We hadn't even heard of PRISM before yesterday."
On Tuesday, Google sent an open letter to Attorney General Holder and FBI Director Robert Mueller requesting permission to make public details about the extent to which it has shared user information with the NSA.
AOL does not have any knowledge of the Prism program. It does not disclose user information to government agencies without a court order, subpoena or formal legal process, nor do we provide any government agency with access to our servers.
Epigenetic factor likely plays a key role in fueling most common childhood cancerPublic release date: 10-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Carrie Strehlau carrie.strehlau@stjude.org 901-595-2295 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital shows epigenetic changes that turn genes on and off are as unique as alterations in DNA and may be as important in causing the most common childhood cancer
(Memphis, Tenn. June 10, 2013) Changes in an epigenetic mechanism that turns expression of genes on and off may be as important as genetic alterations in causing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), according to a study led by scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and published in the June 10 online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
The results suggest the mechanism called cytosine methylation plays a previously under-appreciated role in the development of leukemia. Cytosine methylation involves adding or removing methyl groups to cytosine, which is a building block of DNA.
The study is the most comprehensive effort yet to identify and understand genetic and epigenetic factors that work together to cause ALL, the most common childhood cancer. ALL is a cancer of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Scientists at St. Jude and Weill Cornell Medical College collaborated on the project.
Researchers used a variety of techniques to examine hundreds of thousands of methylation sites across the genome in normal and leukemic lymphocytes, including samples from more than 160 children with ALL. Investigators found that known ALL subgroups, which are defined by chromosomal alterations, have unique methylation profiles. Those profiles correlated with different patterns of gene expression.
"It is well known that different leukemia subgroups have distinct patterns of gene expression that are important in the development of leukemia," said Charles Mullighan, MBBS (Hons), MSc, M.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Pathology. Mullighan and Ari Melnick, M.D., Gebroe Professor Hematology/Oncology at Weill Cornell Medical College, are the study's co-corresponding authors.
"We have assumed that the underlying genetic changes are important determinants of those gene expression profiles. We now know that changes in methylation state also have key roles in influencing gene expression," Mullighan said.
The study used tissue samples from 137 St. Jude patients with B-cell leukemia and 30 children with T-cell leukemia. The patients represented all major ALL subgroups.
"The data show that aberrant epigenetic gene programming can now be considered a hallmark of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, occurring in all patients regardless of the presence of genetic mutations," Melnick said. "This offers the opportunity for development of epigenetic targeted therapies for patients with ALL that could be broadly applicable to many patients."
For comparison, researchers also checked B and T cells from 27 healthy children. Investigators found that leukemia cells shared a core group of abnormally methylated genes. The genes included ones involved in regulating the cell division and proliferation. "This remains to be tested, but the findings suggest that alterations in methylation are an important early step in the development of leukemia," Mullighan said.
The research provides further evidence that genetic and epigenetic events are both important in establishing different subgroups of ALL. For this study, researchers conducted genome-wide sampling of methylation, gene expression and DNA structural abnormalities, including the gain or loss of DNA. Shann-Ching Chen, Ph.D., St. Jude Pathology, developed many of the methods used to integrate and analyze the results. Chen and Maria Figueroa, now of the University of Michigan and formerly of Cornell, are the study's co-first authors.
The study also found that more than one-third of 71 genes targeted by genetic alterations are also abnormally methylated in ALL. The methylation changes involved known tumor suppressor or oncogenes genes including CDKN2A, CDKN2B, PTEN and KRAS. "The findings suggest these genes are inactivated or deregulated more frequently than suggested by simply analyzing structural changes in the genome," Mullighan said.
###
The other authors are Anna Andersson, formerly of St. Jude and now of Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Letha Phillips, formerly of St. Jude; Mondira Kundu and James Downing, both of St. Jude; Yushan Li, Cornell; and Jason Sotzen, University of Michigan.
The research was funded in part by ALSAC. Mullighan is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences and a St. Baldrick's Scholar. He was supported in part by an American Society of Hematology Scholar Award and an American Association for Cancer Research/Aflac Career Development Award. Andersson was supported by the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation. Figueroa was supported by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Melnick is funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the Sackler Center for Biomedical and Physical Sciences. He is also a Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Translational Scholar and a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society scholar.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Epigenetic factor likely plays a key role in fueling most common childhood cancerPublic release date: 10-Jun-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Carrie Strehlau carrie.strehlau@stjude.org 901-595-2295 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
A study led by St. Jude Children's Research Hospital shows epigenetic changes that turn genes on and off are as unique as alterations in DNA and may be as important in causing the most common childhood cancer
(Memphis, Tenn. June 10, 2013) Changes in an epigenetic mechanism that turns expression of genes on and off may be as important as genetic alterations in causing pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), according to a study led by scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and published in the June 10 online edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
The results suggest the mechanism called cytosine methylation plays a previously under-appreciated role in the development of leukemia. Cytosine methylation involves adding or removing methyl groups to cytosine, which is a building block of DNA.
The study is the most comprehensive effort yet to identify and understand genetic and epigenetic factors that work together to cause ALL, the most common childhood cancer. ALL is a cancer of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Scientists at St. Jude and Weill Cornell Medical College collaborated on the project.
Researchers used a variety of techniques to examine hundreds of thousands of methylation sites across the genome in normal and leukemic lymphocytes, including samples from more than 160 children with ALL. Investigators found that known ALL subgroups, which are defined by chromosomal alterations, have unique methylation profiles. Those profiles correlated with different patterns of gene expression.
"It is well known that different leukemia subgroups have distinct patterns of gene expression that are important in the development of leukemia," said Charles Mullighan, MBBS (Hons), MSc, M.D., an associate member of the St. Jude Department of Pathology. Mullighan and Ari Melnick, M.D., Gebroe Professor Hematology/Oncology at Weill Cornell Medical College, are the study's co-corresponding authors.
"We have assumed that the underlying genetic changes are important determinants of those gene expression profiles. We now know that changes in methylation state also have key roles in influencing gene expression," Mullighan said.
The study used tissue samples from 137 St. Jude patients with B-cell leukemia and 30 children with T-cell leukemia. The patients represented all major ALL subgroups.
"The data show that aberrant epigenetic gene programming can now be considered a hallmark of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, occurring in all patients regardless of the presence of genetic mutations," Melnick said. "This offers the opportunity for development of epigenetic targeted therapies for patients with ALL that could be broadly applicable to many patients."
For comparison, researchers also checked B and T cells from 27 healthy children. Investigators found that leukemia cells shared a core group of abnormally methylated genes. The genes included ones involved in regulating the cell division and proliferation. "This remains to be tested, but the findings suggest that alterations in methylation are an important early step in the development of leukemia," Mullighan said.
The research provides further evidence that genetic and epigenetic events are both important in establishing different subgroups of ALL. For this study, researchers conducted genome-wide sampling of methylation, gene expression and DNA structural abnormalities, including the gain or loss of DNA. Shann-Ching Chen, Ph.D., St. Jude Pathology, developed many of the methods used to integrate and analyze the results. Chen and Maria Figueroa, now of the University of Michigan and formerly of Cornell, are the study's co-first authors.
The study also found that more than one-third of 71 genes targeted by genetic alterations are also abnormally methylated in ALL. The methylation changes involved known tumor suppressor or oncogenes genes including CDKN2A, CDKN2B, PTEN and KRAS. "The findings suggest these genes are inactivated or deregulated more frequently than suggested by simply analyzing structural changes in the genome," Mullighan said.
###
The other authors are Anna Andersson, formerly of St. Jude and now of Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Letha Phillips, formerly of St. Jude; Mondira Kundu and James Downing, both of St. Jude; Yushan Li, Cornell; and Jason Sotzen, University of Michigan.
The research was funded in part by ALSAC. Mullighan is a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences and a St. Baldrick's Scholar. He was supported in part by an American Society of Hematology Scholar Award and an American Association for Cancer Research/Aflac Career Development Award. Andersson was supported by the Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation. Figueroa was supported by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. Melnick is funded by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society and the Sackler Center for Biomedical and Physical Sciences. He is also a Burroughs Wellcome Clinical Translational Scholar and a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society scholar.
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
HONG KONG (AP) ? Edward Snowden, the former CIA employee who leaked top-secret documents about U.S. surveillance programs, has few options to stay one step ahead of the authorities while in apparent hiding.
One possibility is to seek asylum in a place that does not have an extradition pact with the United States -- there are a few in Asia a short flight away from Hong Kong where he was last spotted, but none where he is guaranteed refuge.
On Tuesday the 29-year-old Snowden's whereabouts were unknown, a day after he checked out of a trendy hotel in the Chinese territory of Hong Kong. But large photos of his face were splashed on most Hong Kong newspapers with headlines such as "Deep Throat Hides in HK," and "World's Most Wanted Man Breaks Cover in Hong Kong."
The coverage is likely to increase the chances of him being recognized although he could still blend with the city's tens of thousands of expatriates from the United States, Britain, Australia and Europe.
If and when the Justice Department charges him ? and it's not certain when that will be ? its next step will likely be to ask the International Criminal Police Organization, or Interpol, for a provisional request to arrest him pending extradition to the United States.
Assuming that Snowden is still in Hong Kong, the judicial proceedings for an extradition request could take a year, and once completed it would be up to Hong Kong's leader, known as the chief executive, to decide on handing over Snowden, said Michael Blanchflower, a Hong Kong lawyer with three decades of experience in extradition cases.
"Ultimately it is his decision," he said.
But even if the chief executive allows the extradition, the fugitive can request a judicial review and those decisions could be appealed up through three court levels, Blanchflower said.
Although a semiautonomous part of China, the former British colony has an independent justice system based on the British legal structure.
One option for Snowden would be to claim he is the object of political persecution, and fight the issue in the courts to avoid extradition. He could argue that he would be subject to cruel and humiliating treatment in the United States. Hong Kong changed its regulations six months ago to require that a court consider cruel and humiliating treatment and not simply torture when considering extradition requests.
It's up to "the Chief Executive to determine whether the offence is one that's of a political character, in which case the extradition is blocked," said Hong Kong-based lawyer, Tim Parker.
However, the strategy carries considerable risk because the U.S. could simply provide diplomatic assurances that he would not be subject to cruel or humiliating treatment.
"At that point it would be difficult for Hong Kong to resist deporting him," said Patricia Ho, a Hong Kong lawyer who specializes in asylum and refugee claims.
But as things stand now, there is nothing to prevent Snowden from traveling to a destination of his choice -- to one of the handful of nearby jurisdictions or countries that do not have extradition treaties with the United States.
One of the Asian countries without an American treaty is China, though there is no guarantee Beijing would want to risk a confrontation with the United States by taking Snowden in, even if it gained a windfall of sensitive American intelligence information in the process. Snowden himself has given no indication that he is prepared to cooperate with any foreign intelligence service, including China's.
China's state media has confined its coverage of the Snowden affair to factual reports, and on online social media, China's relatively unfettered venue for public discourse, comments have been largely muted.
"People in China are used to not having security and privacy on the internet, so this does not come as a big surprise," Peking University journalism professor Hu Yong said in an interview. Official media, Hu said, would "try not to focus too much on how wrong the practice is, or whether the leaker is right or wrong. They will use the news to highlight that China is not the only country with such practices."
Another Asian flight possibility for Snowden is the self-governing island of Taiwan, which split from China in 1949 after a protracted civil war, and since 1979, has not had formal diplomatic relations with the U.S.
In lieu of a formal extradition treaty, American extraction requests to Taiwan are examined on a case by case basis.
An official at the de facto U.S. Embassy in Taipei ? the American Institute in Taiwan ? said Taiwan has generally been cooperative on the extradition issue.
"Taipei has so far been pretty good on responding to our requests," the official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the issue.
Also, any attempt by Snowden to come to Taiwan could prove extremely embarrassing to the government of Ma Ying-jeou, which while doing its best to improve relations with China, also seeks to maintain close ties with the United States, its major security backer. An official at the Justice Ministry said Tuesday there were no indications at all that Snowden would make any attempt to land on the island.
Aside from numerous flights from Hong Kong's busy international airport, Snowden could take an hour-long high speed ferry ride to Macau, also a semiautonomous region of China. From Macau he could hop over to Guangdong province in mainland China.
Beyond Taiwan and China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and North Korea are also theoretical destinations for Snowden, because they lack extradition treaties with the U.S. But the communist or authoritarian systems they share make them unlikely destinations for a man who has gone to considerable lengths to portray his decision to reveal National Security Agency surveillance programs as an act of conscience.
Outside of Asia, Snowden might also consider seeking asylum in countries like Iceland and Russia. According to the Kommersant Daily, Moscow has said it might provide asylum. But Russia is also an authoritarian nation, so there is no guarantee that Snowden would accept any offer that Moscow rendered.
__
Enav reported from Taipei, Taiwan. Chris Bodeen in Hong Kong and AP video-journalist Isolda Morillo in Beijing contributed to this report.
DETROIT -- Maurice Cheeks is getting a third shot to be an NBA head coach.
The Detroit Pistons are desperately hoping he makes the most of the opportunity he was given Monday.
Cheeks was 284-286 in the regular season and 5-11 during three postseasons while leading the Portland Trail Blazers and Philadelphia 76ers, a team he helped win an NBA title as a point guard.
"After spending some time with Maurice, I was very impressed not only with his basketball knowledge but his communication and leadership skills," Pistons owner Tom Gores said in a statement. "We are very excited to have someone of his experience and talent help take this franchise into the future."
Detroit fired Lawrence Frank in April, a day after finishing 29-53. Frank was 54-94 in two seasons with the Pistons.
Cheeks becomes the franchise's fourth coach in six seasons ? following Frank, John Kuester and Michael Curry ? and ninth since the 1999-2000 season.
The once-proud Pistons are hoping Cheeks can help them snap a four-season postseason drought.
Since Detroit won an NBA title in 2004, it has slipped in the standings and with bodies in seats.
The Pistons made their sixth straight Eastern Conference finals appearance in 2008, had a first-round exit the following year against the LeBron James-led Cleveland Cavaliers and have lost an average of 50-plus games the last four years.
After Flip Saunders was fired in 2008, Michael Curry lasted only one season as coach and John Kuester made it through two years, as did Frank.
Gores has stressed the importance of this offseason, which has the potential to push the Pistons in a positive direction.
Detroit is building around Andre Drummond, Greg Monroe and Brandon Knight. It plans to build around that nucleus of young talent with the No. 8 pick overall in the NBA draft this month and space under the salary cap that was created by trading away Ben Gordon last offseason and Tayshaun Prince during the regular season.
The Pistons are counting on Cheeks to provide stability after he was fired by two franchises following three-plus seasons.
Philadelphia let him go early in the 2008-09 season with a 9-14 record and Portland sent him away more than midway through the 2004-05 with a 22-33 record. He was 122-147 with the 76ers and 162-139 with the Trail Blazers over six full seasons and parts of two seasons.
The 56-year-old Cheeks spent the past four seasons as an Oklahoma City Thunder assistant coach. The Chicago native was a four-time All-Star over 15 seasons in the NBA, helping the Sixers win a championship in 1983. He started his post-playing career with the Quad City Thunder, helping the team win the CBA title in 1994, and later went on to be a Sixers assistant for John Lucas, Johnny Davis and Larry Brown ? one of Detroit's many coaches in recent years.
___
Follow Larry Lage on Twitter at http://www.Twitter.com/larrylage
Prescriptions for niacin have jumped in recent years, raising questions about whether the more than $900 million the United States now spends yearly on the vitamin is wise, given that it has failed to show benefits for preventing deaths from cardiovascular disease in the last two large clinical trials.
Use of niacin, also known as vitamin B3, nearly tripled over an eight-year period to reach almost 700,000 U.S. prescriptions monthly by the end of 2009, researchers found. Of all niacin prescriptions written that year, 80 percent were for Niaspan, slow-releasing tablets of niacin made by Abbott Laboratories.
"Our study shows that prescription niacin sales are substantial and growing, even in the absence of contemporary supportive trial evidence," that the vitamin lowers people's risk of dying from heart disease, the researchers wrote in their article, published today (June 10) in the Journal of American Medical Association.
Niacin is one of the body?s essential nutrients, meaning the body is unable to produce the amount it needs on its own, and so it must be consumed in the diet. In high doses, evidence shows that it increases good cholesterol while lowering bad cholesterol. Researchers suspected that these two effects might mean it lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, angina and strokes.
The first-choice drug treatment to prevent heart problems by reducing high cholesterol is use of cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins. Researchers?had hoped that niacin would help in prevention too, by raising the good type of cholesterol.
Drugs like Niaspan are designed to avoid the unpleasant side effects of high doses of niacin by gradually releasing the vitamin, but they can harm the liver. Sales of Niaspan reached $911 million last year.
In 2011 and 2012, two large studies involving nearly 30,000 patients in total found no benefits of taking Niaspan, or another niacin drug in addition to statins, in terms of reducing deaths and nonfatal heart attacks and strokes.
In the new study, researchers led by Cynthia A. Jackevicius, an associate professor of pharmacy at Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, Calif., looked at prescription data for the United States and Canada between 2002 and 2009, and found that even though niacin use has increased in Canada too, it was six-times more frequently prescribed in the United States.
"The discordance between sales and evidence should be a focus of professional dialogue about the role of this medication," the researchers wrote.
Direct-to-consumer advertising, specifically Niaspan's "intervention-style" ads in the United States, may be to blame for people taking a drug that isn't shown to work, the researchers wrote. ?
Email Bahar Gholipour or follow her @alterwired. Follow?LiveScience?@livescience, Facebook?& Google+. Original article on LiveScience.com.
Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
According to a new study, black men want commitment and apparently aren?t the??ain?t isht dirty dogs??that they are perceived to be?.
We recently found that single black men were much more likely to say they were looking for a long-term relationship (43 percent) compared to single black women (25 percent). Those numbers come from our big poll of African-Americans? views of their lives and communities (the poll was conducted by NPR, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Harvard School of Public Health). Our findings about the dating lives of single folks ? that is, respondents 18-49, widowed, divorced, or never married ? have sparked the most conversation so far.
And the gender skew has elicited straight-out side-eyes. A lot of people wondered just what was going on, because the prevailing story is that black women cannot find black men who are interested in a relationship. (And if we?re keeping it one hundred, these results sparked some arguments among the Code Switch team.)
So here are some additional ideas about what might explain this discrepancy. As our poll makes clear: it?s hardly that neat.
1. The Financial Stability Theory.
When we asked Robert Blendon, one of the poll?s co-directors, what might explain this gap, he pointed to research that has shown black folks care more about the economic cost-benefit analysis of partnering up. ?African-Americans were more concerned with financial security than whites or Hispanics when they considered marriage,? Blendon said.
So why might that matter? Blendon said that black women are outpacing black men in college attendance and completion, as well as as the attainment of postgraduate degrees. (Women in general are more likely to get degrees, but it?s even more pronounced among black folks: two-thirds of all bachelor?s degrees awarded to African-Americans in 2009-2010 went to women.)
2. The What-Do-You-Mean-By-Long-Term-Relationship Theory.
This is the theory we heard most often. Maybe people have very different definitions of ?long-term relationship.? Put another way: men want relationships, not marriage. That?s what Milton Appling, a single Brooklynite, told NPR?s Chris Johnson when asked for his thoughts on the findings. ?If ?long-term relationship? means headed to marriage as a final step, as opposed to X years and we?ll see what happens, then that?s very different,? he said. ?Men in general, when they hear that term, do not necessarily mean ?marriage.? Marriage is marriage.?
3. The ?Bradley Effect? Theory.
Back in 1982, Tom Bradley, L.A.?s first black mayor, was running for governor of California. Polls had shown him with a pretty sizable lead over his opponent, George Deukmejian. One newspaper even projected Bradley as the winner during election night. But when the results came in, Bradley had lost. How?
One theory started to gain traction ? white respondents, wary of being labeled racist, gave pollsters the response that they felt was most socially acceptable. This idea became known as ?The Bradley Effect.? (It?s worth noting that this theory?s been hotly debated since it was coined. We use the term without taking a stand, one way or another.)
Many commenters wondered if the Bradley Effect was in play here ? in other words, respondents were fronting for pollsters to look ?good.? Could they have been trying to avoid coming across as no-?count, triflin? commitment-phobes?
4. Occam?s Razor.
You know the theory of Occam?s razor: the simplest explanation is probably the best. Let?s consider the possibility that maybe, just maybe, the poll results are spot-on accurate. And maybe the prevailing conventional wisdom about what black women and black men want is just wrong. This seems to be both the most obvious possibility, yet it seems to be the one to which people are most resistant. We accept ? nay, we embrace ? the idea/trope/stereotype that women want nothing more than to find a nice dude to settle down with. And dudes will avoid commitment at all costs, unless they?re dragged kicking and screaming to the altar. This idea is everywhere.
A few years ago, there seemed to be a geyser of stories about the problems black women had in finding partners ? stories that often seemed based on a flimsy, threadbare premise. (?Resolved: Census data shows there are more black women than black men: RESPOND!?) And sure, those stories made for great happy hour and brunch conversation fodder ? and by ?great,? I really mean exhausting and eternal ? because it allowed everyone to kvetch and generalize and swap dating war stories. But anecdata often make rickety foundations for grand social explanations, even when those ideas rake in the pageviews and book sales. Even when they feel true.
Maybe the truth really is that lots of black men really do want to get boo?ed up while lots of black women are ambivalent.
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